NPG-STTT | ASAP3条件基因敲除小鼠模型揭示ASAP3通过Arf-GTP调控胃酸分泌与胃壁细胞微绒毛的形成
胃酸分泌是人类消化吸收中的重要生理过程。胃酸分泌不足可引起蛋白质、维生素、钙、铁等多种营养物质的吸收障碍。但是,胃酸分泌过多,又会导致胃溃疡和胃-食管反流综合征(GERD)。目前用于治疗GERD、胃溃疡和Barrett食管的药物主要是氢离子泵抑制剂(PPI),但PPI容易出现机体耐受,并有相当多的副作用。所以,现急需一种药物来代替PPI。
胃壁细胞的微绒毛是氢离子泵发挥作用的主要结构基础,而目前,对于微绒毛调控的研究还知之甚少。体外实验证明一种Arf GTP酶机动蛋白ASAP3可能以通过与埃兹蛋白的相互作用调控胃酸分泌。
利用ES细胞打靶技术,构建ASAP3条件性基因敲除小鼠模型,研究ASAP3在胃酸分泌调控中的功能。

Fig1. Disruption of the ASAP3 gene
研究者们发现,ASAP3缺失的小鼠的胃壁细胞微绒毛长度,F-肌动蛋白丝张力,埃兹蛋白表达都要显著高于野生型小鼠,并存在H+-K+-ATP酶排列紊乱,胃酸分泌大幅下调的现象。

Fig2. Abnormal distribution of ezrin, elongated actin structure and hyperactive Arf6 in resting ASAP3-deficient cells
小分子化合物QS11能抑制ASAP3功能并显着降低体内胃酸水平。统计90例临床人ASAP3表达水平的数据,发现与胃酸分泌呈正相关;而ASAP3的高表达与反流病和消化性溃疡有关。研究者们初步给出了ASAP3调控壁细胞微绒毛形成及胃酸分泌的调控机制:ASAP3通过水解ARF6-GTP,介导了ARF6-GTP,ARF6-GTP循环对H+-K+-ATP酶膜定位的调控和ARF6-GTP对壁细胞微绒毛形成的调控。从而为进一步阐述了胃酸分泌的机制,并对胃溃疡、GARD等胃酸分泌过多疾病的新药开发提供了新的思路。

Fig3. Schematic representation of ASAP3’s roles in parietal cells. The novel roles of ASAP3 in regulating microvilli and apical membrane structures in resting parietal cells. In wild-type (WT) parietal cells (left), the Arf6 GTPase cycles between GTP-bound active form and GDPbound inactive status. Controlled assembly of actin induces the formation of short microvilli. However in parietal cells of ASAP3-deficient mice (right), disruption of ASAP3 impairs its ArfGAP function, thus causing overactivation of Arf6 (Arf6-GTP). This enhances actin polymerization and induces the formation of elongated and tightly stacked microvilli. The representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images in two conditions are also shown.
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